The term outsider art was coined by art critic Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English synonym for art brut "raw art" or "rough art", a label created by French artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art created outside the boundaries of official culture. refers to works by those outside of mainstream society. Outsider art broadly includes folk art and ethnic art as well as by prisoners, the mentally ill and others neither trained in art nor making their works to sell them.